context
staffs voices & staffs voices: chord ; ....
[staffs voices & staffs voices; staffs voices] : chord ; ....
lyrics place staff using staff voice: time_valuelist [ verses ] "text"; ...
linetype bartype pad num ending_mark rehearsal fontfamily font (size) rehearsal_mark mnum=num =tag hidechanges
parameter=value
multirest num
newscore leftmargin=num rightmargin=num
newpage leftmargin=num rightmargin=num
samescorebegin ....measures of input... samescoreend
samepagebegin ....measures of input or blocks... samepageend
fontfamily font (size) modifier place staffs dist num ! align num : beat "text ("text") til til_value; ....
mussym (size) place staffs : beat "mus_symbol" til til_value; ....
linetype phrase place staffs : beat til til_value; ....
octave place staffs : beat "text" til til_value; ....
pedal place staffs : beat * ; ....
cres_mark place staffs : beat til til_value; ....
midi staffs voices : beat "midi_keyword=value" til til_value; ....
roll direction staffnum voicenum to staffnum voicenum : num ; ....
printcmd location "text"
postscript postscript_location with tag = tag file "text"
mirrored title fontfamily font (size) "text" "text" "text"
justifytype paragraph fontfamily font (size) "text"
linetype line location to location with fontfamily font (size) "text" side
linetype curve location to location to location ....
linetype curve location to location bulge num ....
define MACRO_NAME(mac_params) macro_definition @
ifdef MACRO_NAME ..... else ..... endif
ifndef MACRO_NAME ..... else ..... endif
undef MACRO_NAME
eval MACRO_NAME = expression @
exit
savemacros "name"
restoremacros "name"
if expression ..... else ..... endif
include "filename"
fontfile "filename"
// comment--arbitrary text that will be ignored.
accidental #, &, x, &&, n or {"acc_name"}
acc_spec accidental symbol name in quotes followed by pitch_spec
bartype bar, dblbar, repeatstart, repeatend, repeatboth, endbar, invisbar, or restart
beat number from 0.0 to time signature denominator plus 1.0, optionally followed
by how many grace notes to back up from there, as a negative number in parentheses,
and an offset as a signed number in square brackets
chord <<parm_contxt parameter=value>> [chord_style] time_value pitch(es) note_attributes inter-chord_attr
Tuplets specified by { chord ; .... } side num tupstyle, time_value slope num;
On tablature staff, the pitch is: string fret "bend"
bend full, or num and/or a fraction as num/num
chord_style one or more (semicolon-separated) from the following:
grace, cue, xnote, diam, with withlist, pad num, slash num, stemdir, len num, dist num,
ho num, hs "headshape", or =tag
Putting ... after the ] will repeat the chord_style until [-] or end of measure.
clef treble, soprano, mezzosoprano, alto, 8bass (these have default octave of 4)
treble8, tenor, baritone, bass (these have default octave of 3)
frenchviolin, 8treble (these have default octave of 5)
bass8, subbass (these have default octave of 2)
control_command saveparms "name" or restoreparms "name"
context One of the following:
parm_context followed by list of parameters
acctable "acc_table_name" followed by acc_spec
control followed by control_commands
music followed by commands for printing music
headfoot_context followed by commands for printing text
block followed by paragraph commands
grids followed by pairs of strings: name and frets
headshapes followed by pairs of strings: name and list of 4 note head characters
keymap "keymap_name" followed by pairs of strings: pattern and replacement
shapes "shapes_name" followed by pairs of strings; symbol name and replacement
symbol followed by
bbox=num,num,num,num
postscript="text"
ystemoffset=num,num
cres_mark < (crescendo) or > (decrescendo)
direction up or down
ending_mark ending "text" or endending or openendending or closedendending
expression see operator table on page 5
filename path to a file on your system; uses MUPPATH to find, if not in current directory
and not absolute path
font rom, ital, bold, or boldital
fontfamily avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times
fret number from 0 to 99
headfoot_context header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, or bottom2
hex_data even number of hexadecimal digits
inter-chord_attr tieslur_style tie direction, tieslur_style slur direction, bm, bm with staff side, ebm, esbm,
abm, eabm, slope num, ph side, eph, or alt num
interval perfect, major, minor, augmented, or diminished
justifytype justified, or ragged
linetype medium, wide, dashed, or dotted (if omitted, linetype is narrow)
location (x_expr, y_expr ) can contain tag, steps, time num, sqrt, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, hypot
mac_params comma-separated list of parameter names, same naming rules as MACRO_NAME
MACRO_NAME upper case letters, digits, and/or underscores, beginning with a letter
macro_definition arbitrary text that will be used wherever MACRO_NAME appears in input
midi_keyword tempo=num program=num parameter=num,num port=num
onvelocity=num offvelocity=num channel=num chanpressure=num
seqnum=num text=text copyright=text name=text
instrument=num marker=text cue=text hex=hex_data
modifier chord, analysis, figbass, or omitted
mus_symbol musical symbol; see chart on page 8 for complete list.
note_attributes one or more of the following: tieslur_style ~ direction (tie), tieslur_style < > direction) (slur),
? (small), ^pitch (bend), hs "headshape", _"text" or =tag
num some number; valid values depend on where it appears
octave number from 0 to 9 or one or more + or - signs
parameter See parameter table on page 5 for complete list
parm_context score or staff num(s) or voice staffnum(s) voicenum(s)
pitch letter from a to g, optionally followed by accidental and/or octave,
or r (rest), s (space), us (uncollapseable space), or rpt (repeat)
pitch_adjustment +num cents
or -num cents
or num / num
or num
pitch_spec all pitch_adjustment
or one or more instances of a letter a-g followed by a pitch_adjustment
place above, below, or between. If between, staffs must be of the form num&num
printcmd left, right, center, or print
postscript_location location or afterprolog, beforetrailer, atpagebegin, atpageend, atscorebegin, or atscoreend
rehearsal_mark let, num, mnum, or "text"
side above or below
size number from 1 to 100 (points)
staffnum number from 1 to 40
staffs number from 1 to 40, or comma-separated list of dash-separated ranges
stemdir up or down
stemlen a number, in stepsizes
steps a number of stepsizes, where a stepsize is 1/2 the distance between two staff lines
string in tablature chord: pitch accidental followed by zero or more ' marks
tab_string list of tablature strings. Each includes a pitch, optional ' marks, and optional octave.
tag a lower case letter, or an underscore followed by lower case letters, digits, and/or underscores
Each has 6 associated values: x, y, n, s, e, and w
Predefined tag names are _win, _page, _score, _staff.N and _cur
text arbitrary text; use \" to include quotes, \f(fontfamily font) to change font, \s(num) to change size,
\(xx) to include special characters, \v(num) for vertical motion, \: to toggle piling, \| or \^ for alignment
time_value 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 with optional dots, + or -; or m (measure)
or (only with rpt) dbl m or quad m
tieslur_style dotted, dashed, or omitted
til_value num or numm+num, plus optional (-num) and/or signed steps in square brackets
tuplet See chord
tupstyle y (always print bracket), n (no number or bracket), num (number only), or omitted (default)
value See information about the item to the left of the = for valid values
verses number or comma-separated list of dash-separated ranges
voicenum 1, 2, or 3
voices comma-separated list of dash-separated ranges of voicenums
withlist comma-separated list of the following: . (stacatto), - (legato), ^ (accent), > (accent), or "text"
X x, w, or e (x, west, or east)
Y y, n, or s (y, north, or south)
| font | fontfamily | ||||||
| avantgarde | bookman | courier | helvetica | newcentury | palatino | times | |
| rom | AR | BR | CR | HR | NR | PR | TR |
| bold | AB | BB | CB | HB | NB | PB | TB |
| ital | AI | BI | CI | HI | NI | PI | TI |
| boldital | AX | BX | CX | HX | NX | PX | TX |
| operators | operations | associativity |
| ( ) | grouping | left to right |
| ! ~ - + | not, one's complement, unary minus, unary plus | right to left |
| * / % | multiply, divide, modulo | left to right |
| + - | add, subtract | left to right |
| << >> | left shift, right shift | left to right |
| < <= > >= | less than, less or equal, greater than, greater or equal | left to right |
| == != | equal, not equal | left to right |
| & | bitwise AND | left to right |
| ^ | bitwise XOR | left to right |
| | | bitwise OR | left to right |
| && | logical AND | left to right |
| || | logical OR | left to right |
| ? : | interrogation | right to left |
| Name | Argument(s) | Result |
| sqrt | number | square root of the number |
| sin | angle (degrees) | sin of the angle |
| cos | angle (degrees) | cosine of the angle |
| tan | angle (degrees) | tangent of the angle |
| asin | number | arc sine of the number (degrees) |
| acos | number | arc cosine of the number (degrees) |
| atan | number | arc tangent of the number (degrees) |
| atan2 | number,number | arc tangent of the ratio of the numbers (degrees) |
| hypot | number,number | square root of sum of the squares of the numbers |
| round | number | number rounded to nearest whole |
| floor | number | number rounded down to whole number |
| ceiling | number | number rounded up to whole number |
| Parameter | Score | Staff | Voice | Hd/Ft | Valid Values | Default |
| a4freq | X | 100.0 to 1000.0 | 440.0 | |||
| aboveorder | X | X | mussym,octave,dyn&othertext&chord,lyrics,ending,reh | as listed | ||
| acctable | X | "table_name" | "" | |||
| addtranspose | X | X | up or down, followed by interval and num, then optional notes or chords | up perfect 1 | ||
| alignlabels | X | center, or left, or right | right | |||
| alignped | X | X | y or n | y | ||
| alignrests | X | X | X | y or n | n | |
| barstyle | X | optional between comma-separated lists of staffs or dash-separated ranges, or all | ||||
| beamslope | X | X | X | 0.0 to 1.0, 0.0 to 45.0 | 0.7,20.0 | |
| beamstyle | X | X | X | comma-separated list of time_values that add up to a measure | ||
| beloworder | X | X | mussym,octave,dyn&othertext&chord,lyrics,pedal | as listed | ||
| betweenorder | X | X | mussym,dyn&othertext&chord,lyrics | as listed | ||
| bottommargin | X | 0.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches | 0.5 inches | |||
| brace | X | comma-separated list of staffs or dash-separated ranges | ||||
| bracket | X | comma-separated list of staffs or dash-separated ranges | ||||
| bracketrepeats | X | y or n | n | |||
| cancelkey | X | X | y or n | n | ||
| carryaccs | X | X | y or n | y | ||
| chorddist | X | X | 0.0 to 50.0 (stepsizes) | 3.0 | ||
| chordtranslation | X | X | nothing or "German" or string like "do re mi fa sol la si" | |||
| clef | X | X |
treble,treble8,8treble,frenchviolin,soprano,mezzosoprano,alto,tenor,baritone,bass,8bass,bass8,subbass | treble | ||
| cue | X | X | X | y or n | n | |
| defaultkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| defaultphraseside | X | X | X | above, below, or nothing | ||
| defoct | X | X | X | 0 to 9 | based on clef | |
| dist | X | X | 0.0 to 50.0 (stepsizes) | 2.0 | ||
| division | X | MIDI division, 1 to 1536 (ticks per quarter note) | 192 | |||
| dyndist | X | X | 0.0 to 50.0 (stepsizes) | 2.0 | ||
| emptymeas | X | X | X | string containing music input | "ms;" | |
| endingkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| endingstyle | X | top, barred, or grouped | top | |||
| extendlyrics | X | X | X | y or n | n | |
| firstpage | X | 1 to 5000 | 1 | |||
| flipmargins | X | y or n | n | |||
| font | X | X | X | rom, bold, ital, or boldital | rom | |
| fontfamily | X | X | X |
avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times | times | |
| gridfret | X | X | 2 to 99 | 4 | ||
| gridsatend | X | X | y or n | n | ||
| gridswhereused | X | X | y or n | n | ||
| gridscale | X | X | 0.1 to 10.0 | 1.0 | ||
| indentrestart | X | y or n | n | |||
| key | X | X |
pitch major or minor; or 0 to 7 # or & and optional major or minor | c major | ||
| label2 | X | X | "text" | "" | ||
| label | X | X | "text" | " " | ||
| labelkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| leftmargin | X | 0.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches | 0.5 inches | |||
| leftspace | X | 0.0 to 0.5, 0.0 to 100.0 | 0.15, 5.0 | |||
| lyricsalign | X | X | 0.0 to 1.0 | 0.25 | ||
| lyricsdist | X | X | 0.0 to 50.0 (stepsizes) | 2.0 | ||
| lyricsfont | X | X | rom, bold, ital, or boldital | rom | ||
| lyricsfontfamily | X | X |
avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times | times | ||
| lyricskeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| lyricssize | X | X | 1 to 100 (points) | 12 | ||
| maxmeasures | X | 1 to 1000 | 1000 | |||
| maxscores | X | 1 to 1000 | 1000 | |||
| measnum | X | y, n, or every N | n | |||
| measnumfont | X | rom, bold, ital, or boldital | rom | |||
| measnumfontfamily | X |
avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times | times | |||
| measnumsize | X | 1 to 100 (points) | 11 | |||
| measnumstyle | X | boxed, circled, or plain | plain | |||
| midlinestemfloat | X | X | X | y or n | n | |
| minalignscale | X | X | 0.1 to 1.0 | 0.667 | ||
| mingridheight | X | X | 2 to 99 | 4 | ||
| musicscale | X | 0.1 to 10.0 | 1.0 | |||
| noteheads | X | X | X | string containing 1 or 7 headshape names | "norm" | |
| noteinputdir | X | X | X | up, down, or any | any | |
| noteleftfont | X | X | X | rom, bold, ital, or boldital | rom | |
| noteleftfontfamily | X | X | X |
avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times | times | |
| noteleftsize | X | X | X | 1 to 100 | 10 | |
| numbermrpt | X | X | y or n | y | ||
| numbermultrpt | X | X | y of n | y | ||
| ontheline | X | X | X | y or n | y | |
| packexp | X | 0.0 to 1.0 | 0.8 | |||
| packfact | X | 0.0 to 10.0 | 1.0 | |||
| pad | X | X | X | -5.0 to 50.0 | 0.0 | |
| pageheight | X | 2.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm | 11.0 inches | |||
| pagesize | X | letter, legal, flsa, halfletter, note, a3, a4, a5, a6 then optional portrait or landscape | letter | |||
| pagewidth | X | 2.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm | 8.5 inches | |||
| panelsperpage | X | 1 or 2 | 1 | |||
| pedstyle | X | X | line, pedstar, or alt pedstar | line | ||
| pilescale | X | 0.1 to 10.0 | 0.65 | |||
| printedtime | X | X | times signature or one or two strings | |||
| printkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| printmultnum | X | X | y or n | y | ||
| rehearsalkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| rehstyle | X | X | boxed, circled, or plain | boxed | ||
| release | X | X | X | 0 to 500 (milliseconds) | 20 | |
| repeatdots | X | X | standard or all | standard | ||
| restcombine | X | 2 to 1000 | not set | |||
| restsymmult | X | X | y or n | n | ||
| rightmargin | X | 0.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches | 0.5 inches | |||
| scale | X | 0.1 to 10.0 | 1.0 | |||
| scorepad | X | num or num,num, negative pageheight to pageheight (stepsizes) | 2.0,2.0 | |||
| scoresep | X | num or num,num, 6.0 to pageheight (stepsizes) | 12.0,20.0 | |||
| shapes | X | X | X | shapes context name as a string | empty | |
| size | X | X | X | 1 to 100 | 12 | |
| slashesbetween | X | y or n | n | |||
| stafflines | X | X | 1, 1n, 5, 5n, 5 drum, 1 drum, or tab (tab_strings) optionally followed by y or n | 5 | ||
| staffpad | X | X | negative pageheight to pageheight (stepsizes) | 0.0 | ||
| staffs | X | 1 to 40 | 1 | |||
| staffscale | X | X | 0.1 to 10.0 | 1.0 | ||
| staffsep | X | X | 6.0 to pageheight (stepsizes) | 10.0 | ||
| stemlen | X | X | X | 0.0 to 100.0 (stepsizes) | 7.0 | |
| stemshorten | X | X | X | 0.0 to 2.0, 0.0 to 7.0, -4 to 50, -4 to 50 (stepsizes) | 1.0,2.0,1,6 | |
| subbarstyle | X | linetype bartype appearance staff_list time counts | ||||
| swingunit | X | X | X | time value or nothing | nothing | |
| sylposition | X | X | -100 to 100 (points) | -5 | ||
| tabwhitebox | X | X | X | y or n | n | |
| textkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| time | X | common, cut or N/D where N is 1 to 99 and D is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 | 4/4 | |||
| timeunit | X | X | X | time_value (can include dots) | D of time sig | |
| topmargin | X | 0.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches | 0.5 inches | |||
| transpose | X | X | up or down, followed by interval and num, then optional notes or chords | up perfect 1 | ||
| tuning | X | equal, pythagorean, or meantone | equal | |||
| tupletslope | X | X | X | 0.1 to 1.0 for factor, 0.0 to 45.0 for max slope | 0.7, 20.0 | |
| units | X | inches or cm | inches | |||
| useaccs | X | X | n, y none, y all, y nonnat, y noneremuser, y nonnatremuser | n | ||
| visible | X | X | X | y, n, or whereused | y | |
| vcombine | X | X | voices then optional nooverlap, shareone, stepsapart, overlap, or restsonly, and bymeas | nothing | ||
| vscheme | X | X | 1, 2o, 2f, 3o, or 3f | 1 | ||
| warn | X | y or n | y | |||
| withfont | X | X | X | rom, bold, ital, or boldital | rom | |
| withfontfamily | X | X | X |
avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, or times | times | |
| withkeymap | X | X | "keymap_name" | "" | ||
| withsize | X | X | X | 1 to 100 | 12 |